{"id":4105,"date":"2024-12-12T09:38:56","date_gmt":"2024-12-12T08:38:56","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/progressholding.pl\/pl\/?p=4105"},"modified":"2024-12-13T09:47:52","modified_gmt":"2024-12-13T08:47:52","slug":"czym-jest-osobowosc-prawna-osoby-prawnej-i-jakie-firmy-ja-posiadaja","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/progressholding.pl\/en\/what-is-the-legal-personality-of-a-legal-entity-and-which-companies-possess-it\/","title":{"rendered":"What is the legal personality of a&nbsp;legal entity, and which companies possess it?"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><\/p>\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_85 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle Table of Content\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/progressholding.pl\/en\/what-is-the-legal-personality-of-a-legal-entity-and-which-companies-possess-it\/#legal-personality-of-a-legal-entity\" >Legal Personality of a&nbsp;Legal Entity<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/progressholding.pl\/en\/what-is-the-legal-personality-of-a-legal-entity-and-which-companies-possess-it\/#rights-of-legal-entities-with-legal-personality\" >Rights of legal entities with legal personality:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/progressholding.pl\/en\/what-is-the-legal-personality-of-a-legal-entity-and-which-companies-possess-it\/#obligations-of-legal-entities-with-legal-personality\" >Obligations of legal entities with legal personality:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/progressholding.pl\/en\/what-is-the-legal-personality-of-a-legal-entity-and-which-companies-possess-it\/#which-companies-have-legal-personality\" >Which companies have legal personality:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/progressholding.pl\/en\/what-is-the-legal-personality-of-a-legal-entity-and-which-companies-possess-it\/#what-are-organizational-units-without-legal-personality\" >What are organizational units without legal personality?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/progressholding.pl\/en\/what-is-the-legal-personality-of-a-legal-entity-and-which-companies-possess-it\/#when-is-a-legal-entity-established-in-poland\" >When is a&nbsp;legal entity established in Poland?<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"legal-personality-of-a-legal-entity\"><\/span><strong>Legal Personality of a&nbsp;Legal Entity<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>The legal personality of a&nbsp;legal entity refers to its possession of the qualities of a&nbsp;legal subject (legal capacity and capacity to act).<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Legal capacity<\/strong> of a&nbsp;legal entity is its ability to possess the rights and obligations provided by law. It can be of two types:\n<ol>\n<li><strong>General (universal) legal capacity.<\/strong> This allows a&nbsp;company to have the rights and obligations necessary for any type of activity in the sphere of civil law. This type of capacity is possessed by commercial organizations, except for state and municipal unitary enterprises.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Special legal capacity.<\/strong> This allows a&nbsp;company to have civil rights that correspond to the purposes of its activity as outlined in its founding document, along with related obligations. This is characteristic of non-profit organizations, as well as state and municipal unitary enterprises among commercial organizations.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Capacity to act<\/strong> of a&nbsp;legal entity refers to its ability to independently participate in civil turnover, i.e., by its own actions to acquire, create, exercise, and fulfill civil rights and obligations.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>IMPORTANT:<\/strong> A legal entity\u2019s legal personality arises at the moment of its state registration and ceases at the moment of its liquidation.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"rights-of-legal-entities-with-legal-personality\"><\/span><strong>Rights of legal entities with legal personality:<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>Right to conclude contracts<\/li>\n<li>Right to own and manage property<\/li>\n<li>Right to act as a&nbsp;plaintiff in court<\/li>\n<li>Right to be a&nbsp;defendant in court<\/li>\n<li>Right to have a&nbsp;name, location, and seal<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"obligations-of-legal-entities-with-legal-personality\"><\/span><strong>Obligations of legal entities with legal personality:<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>Obligation to comply with laws and refrain from violations<\/li>\n<li>Obligation to fulfill contractual obligations<\/li>\n<li>Obligation to pay taxes and fees<\/li>\n<li>Obligation to provide activity reports<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"which-companies-have-legal-personality\"><\/span><strong>Which companies have legal personality:<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>Limited liability companies (Sp\u00f3\u0142ka z&nbsp;ograniczon\u0105 odpowiedzialno\u015bci\u0105, Sp. z&nbsp;o.o.)<\/li>\n<li>Joint-stock companies (Sp\u00f3\u0142ka akcyjna, S.A.)<\/li>\n<li>Limited partnerships (Sp\u00f3\u0142ka komandytowa, Sp.k.)<\/li>\n<li>State-owned enterprises (Przedsi\u0119biorstwo pa\u0144stwowe, P.P.)<\/li>\n<li>Municipal companies (Sp\u00f3\u0142ka komunalna)<\/li>\n<li>Non-profit organizations (Organizacje pozarz\u0105dowe, NGO)<\/li>\n<li>Foundations (Fundacja)<\/li>\n<li>Associations (Stowarzyszenie)<\/li>\n<li>Cooperatives (Sp\u00f3\u0142dzielnia)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"what-are-organizational-units-without-legal-personality\"><\/span><strong>What are organizational units without legal personality?<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Organizational units without legal personality are structures that operate within a&nbsp;legal entity but do not have separate legal personality. They cannot enter into contracts, bear property responsibility, or act in court on their own behalf. Examples include branches, representative offices, subsidiaries, and partnerships.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Advantages:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Simplicity of creation (easy registration and dissolution process)<\/li>\n<li>Limited liability<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Disadvantages:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Lack of the right to conclude contracts and act in court on their own behalf<\/li>\n<li>Cannot borrow funds under their own responsibility<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"when-is-a-legal-entity-established-in-poland\"><\/span><strong>When is a&nbsp;legal entity established in Poland?<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>A legal entity with legal personality in Poland (e.g., a&nbsp;limited liability company, a&nbsp;simple joint-stock company, or a&nbsp;joint-stock company) is established at the moment of its entry into the National Court Register.<\/p>\n<p>Before <a href=\"https:\/\/progressholding.pl\/en\/how-to-open-a-company-in-poland-start-a-business\/\">registration<\/a>, capital companies may exist in the form of &#8220;companies in organization,&#8221; which have limited legal capacity. They can engage in transactions but are not fully-fledged legal entities.<br \/>\nThe only exception is a&nbsp;single-member limited liability company in organization, which cannot represent itself and must wait for registration. Partnerships, on the other hand, are not recognized as incomplete legal entities before registration and cannot conduct business activities until they are entered into the register.<\/p>\n<p>If you have any questions, write to us at <a href=\"mailto:office@progressholding.pl\" rel=\"noopener\">office@progressholding.pl<\/a>.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Legal Personality of a&nbsp;Legal Entity The legal personality of a&nbsp;legal entity refers to its possession of the qualities of a&nbsp;legal subject (legal capacity and capacity to act). Legal capacity of a&nbsp;legal entity is its ability to possess the rights and obligations provided by law. It can be of two types: General (universal) legal capacity. This [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":4106,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"inline_featured_image":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-4105","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-bez-kategorii"],"acf":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO Pro 5.0.1 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Legal Personality of a Legal Entity The legal personality of a legal entity refers to its possession of the qualities of a legal subject (legal capacity and capacity to act). Legal capacity of a legal entity is its ability to possess the rights and obligations provided by law. 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