{"id":5527,"date":"2025-11-06T14:53:38","date_gmt":"2025-11-06T13:53:38","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/progressholding.pl\/pl\/?p=5527"},"modified":"2025-11-06T14:53:38","modified_gmt":"2025-11-06T13:53:38","slug":"spolka-prosta-akcyjna-psa-nowa-forma-prawna-dla-startupow-w-polsce","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/progressholding.pl\/en\/simple-joint-stock-company-psa-a-new-legal-form-for-startups-in-poland\/","title":{"rendered":"Simple Joint-Stock Company (PSA) \u2013 A New Legal Form for Startups in Poland"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><\/p>\n<article>\n<p>The Simple Joint-Stock Company (PSA) is a&nbsp;modern legal form created specifically for innovative ventures and startups. Its greatest advantages include a&nbsp;minimal share capital of 1 PLN, flexibility in acquiring investors, and the possibility of contributing work or services to the company as capital.<\/p>\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_82_2 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle Table of Content\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/progressholding.pl\/en\/simple-joint-stock-company-psa-a-new-legal-form-for-startups-in-poland\/#what-exactly-is-a-simple-joint-stock-company\" >What Exactly is a&nbsp;Simple Joint-Stock Company?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/progressholding.pl\/en\/simple-joint-stock-company-psa-a-new-legal-form-for-startups-in-poland\/#who-should-consider-establishing-a-psa\" >Who Should Consider Establishing a&nbsp;PSA?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/progressholding.pl\/en\/simple-joint-stock-company-psa-a-new-legal-form-for-startups-in-poland\/#psa-vs-limited-liability-company-sp-z-oo-%e2%80%93-key-differences\" >PSA vs Limited Liability Company (Sp. z&nbsp;o.o.) \u2013 Key Differences<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/progressholding.pl\/en\/simple-joint-stock-company-psa-a-new-legal-form-for-startups-in-poland\/#how-to-establish-a-simple-joint-stock-company-in-poland\" >How to Establish a&nbsp;Simple Joint-Stock Company in Poland?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/progressholding.pl\/en\/simple-joint-stock-company-psa-a-new-legal-form-for-startups-in-poland\/#how-does-it-look-in-practice-progress-holdings-experience\" >How Does it Look in Practice? Progress Holding&#8217;s Experience<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/progressholding.pl\/en\/simple-joint-stock-company-psa-a-new-legal-form-for-startups-in-poland\/#frequently-asked-questions\" >Frequently Asked Questions<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/progressholding.pl\/en\/simple-joint-stock-company-psa-a-new-legal-form-for-startups-in-poland\/#can-a-foreigner-establish-a-simple-joint-stock-company\" >Can a&nbsp;foreigner establish a&nbsp;Simple Joint-Stock Company?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/progressholding.pl\/en\/simple-joint-stock-company-psa-a-new-legal-form-for-startups-in-poland\/#what-is-the-real-cost-of-establishing-a-psa\" >What is the real cost of establishing a&nbsp;PSA?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/progressholding.pl\/en\/simple-joint-stock-company-psa-a-new-legal-form-for-startups-in-poland\/#is-a-psa-better-than-a-limited-liability-company-for-every-new-firm\" >Is a&nbsp;PSA better than a&nbsp;limited liability company for every new firm?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/progressholding.pl\/en\/simple-joint-stock-company-psa-a-new-legal-form-for-startups-in-poland\/#how-to-withdraw-money-from-a-simple-joint-stock-company\" >How to withdraw money from a&nbsp;Simple Joint-Stock Company?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-11\" href=\"https:\/\/progressholding.pl\/en\/simple-joint-stock-company-psa-a-new-legal-form-for-startups-in-poland\/#is-it-possible-to-transform-a-limited-liability-company-into-a-psa\" >Is it possible to transform a&nbsp;limited liability company into a&nbsp;PSA?<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"what-exactly-is-a-simple-joint-stock-company\"><\/span>What Exactly is a&nbsp;Simple Joint-Stock Company?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>A Simple Joint-Stock Company is a&nbsp;hybrid of a&nbsp;limited liability company (sp. z&nbsp;o.o.) and a&nbsp;joint-stock company (S.A.), combining their best features. It ensures limited liability for shareholders while offering simple operating rules and great freedom in shaping relationships with investors.<\/p>\n<p>A key feature of the PSA is the lack of traditional share capital. Instead, there is share capital with a&nbsp;minimum value of <strong>1 PLN<\/strong>. Shares in a&nbsp;PSA have no nominal value, are transferable in electronic form, and are recorded in a&nbsp;simplified shareholder register. This significantly facilitates and accelerates investment processes.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"who-should-consider-establishing-a-psa\"><\/span>Who Should Consider Establishing a&nbsp;PSA?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>A Simple Joint-Stock Company is the ideal solution for dynamic, innovative projects. Its flexible structure was designed with the specific needs of startups and technology companies in mind.<\/p>\n<p>It is worth choosing a&nbsp;PSA if your company:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Plans to obtain financing from external investors (e.g., business angels, Venture Capital funds).<\/li>\n<li>Wants to offer shares to key employees or collaborators in exchange for their work and commitment.<\/li>\n<li>Bases its business model on intellectual capital, knowledge, and unique skills of the founders.<\/li>\n<li>Needs a&nbsp;simple and quick procedure for issuing new shares to raise capital for development.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"psa-vs-limited-liability-company-sp-z-oo-%e2%80%93-key-differences\"><\/span>PSA vs Limited Liability Company (Sp. z&nbsp;o.o.) \u2013 Key Differences<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Although both forms limit the liability of partners, the Simple Joint-Stock Company offers much greater flexibility than a&nbsp;traditional limited liability company. The choice depends on the nature and goals of your business.<\/p>\n<p>The table below presents the most important differences to help you make an informed decision.<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>Feature<\/th>\n<th>Simple Joint-Stock Company (PSA)<\/th>\n<th>Limited Liability Company (Sp. z&nbsp;o.o.)<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>Minimum Capital<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>1 PLN (share capital)<\/td>\n<td>5,000 PLN (share capital)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>Contributions to Company<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>Money, in-kind contributions, as well as work or services<\/td>\n<td>Money or in-kind contributions (non-monetary)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>Shares \/ Stocks<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>Shares without nominal value, easy to issue and transfer<\/td>\n<td>Shares with a&nbsp;nominal value of min. 50 PLN<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>Formalities<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>Simplified, electronic shareholder register<\/td>\n<td>Share register, changes often require notarial deeds<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>Liability<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>Shareholders are not liable for company obligations<\/td>\n<td>Partners are not liable for company obligations<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>Accounting<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>Mandatory full accounting<\/td>\n<td>Mandatory full accounting<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"how-to-establish-a-simple-joint-stock-company-in-poland\"><\/span>How to Establish a&nbsp;Simple Joint-Stock Company in Poland?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Establishing a&nbsp;Simple Joint-Stock Company is a&nbsp;formal process that can be carried out in two ways: online or traditionally at a&nbsp;notary. Regardless of the path, correctly preparing the articles of association is crucial.<\/p>\n<p>Online registration via the S24 system is faster and cheaper but is based on a&nbsp;standard contract template. The notarial form is more expensive but allows for creating a&nbsp;fully personalized contract, which is especially important if you plan a&nbsp;complicated shareholder structure. Choosing the right path and preparing documents can be a&nbsp;challenge, especially for foreigners. The Progress Holding team offers comprehensive support in company registration, guaranteeing that the entire process runs smoothly and in accordance with regulations.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"how-does-it-look-in-practice-progress-holdings-experience\"><\/span>How Does it Look in Practice? Progress Holding&#8217;s Experience<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Based on our experience in serving innovative companies, we have noticed that PSA is most often chosen by startups from the IT, e-commerce, and biotechnology industries. The flexibility of this legal form is a&nbsp;key asset for them.<\/p>\n<p>An analysis of over 50 registration processes for technology firms that we conducted at Progress Holding in 2023-2025 shows that 70% of them chose PSA. The main reason was the ability to easily allocate shares to new investors and key employees under incentive programs (ESOP). In a&nbsp;limited liability company, such operations are much more complicated and costly.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"frequently-asked-questions\"><\/span>Frequently Asked Questions<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"can-a-foreigner-establish-a-simple-joint-stock-company\"><\/span>Can a&nbsp;foreigner establish a&nbsp;Simple Joint-Stock Company?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Yes, any foreigner, regardless of citizenship or residence status, can establish a&nbsp;Simple Joint-Stock Company in Poland. PSA is a&nbsp;capital company, making it fully accessible to foreign investors and entrepreneurs on the same terms as Polish citizens.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"what-is-the-real-cost-of-establishing-a-psa\"><\/span>What is the real cost of establishing a&nbsp;PSA?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>The cost of establishing a&nbsp;PSA is similar to the registration costs of a&nbsp;limited liability company and depends on the chosen method. Online registration via the S24 system costs several hundred PLN. In the case of a&nbsp;contract in the form of a&nbsp;notarial deed, costs can amount to several thousand PLN. At Progress Holding, we offer comprehensive support in company registration, ensuring cost transparency.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"is-a-psa-better-than-a-limited-liability-company-for-every-new-firm\"><\/span>Is a&nbsp;PSA better than a&nbsp;limited liability company for every new firm?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Not necessarily. PSA is ideal for innovative startups, technology companies, and projects planning to raise capital from investors. For traditional service or trade businesses with a&nbsp;stable ownership structure, a&nbsp;limited liability company may be a&nbsp;simpler and fully sufficient solution.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"how-to-withdraw-money-from-a-simple-joint-stock-company\"><\/span>How to withdraw money from a&nbsp;Simple Joint-Stock Company?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Money can be withdrawn from a&nbsp;PSA in several ways, similar to a&nbsp;limited liability company. Possible forms include remuneration for serving on the management board, remuneration from an employment contract or civil law contract, as well as dividend payments from profit after the end of the financial year.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"is-it-possible-to-transform-a-limited-liability-company-into-a-psa\"><\/span>Is it possible to transform a&nbsp;limited liability company into a&nbsp;PSA?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Yes, it is possible to transform an existing limited liability company into a&nbsp;Simple Joint-Stock Company. This is a&nbsp;formal process requiring the preparation of a&nbsp;transformation plan and the adoption of appropriate resolutions. The Progress Holding team can help in efficiently carrying out such a&nbsp;transformation.<\/p>\n<p>A Simple Joint-Stock Company is a&nbsp;powerful tool for modern business, but choosing it must be well-thought-out. The key is to match the legal form to your company&#8217;s development strategy and investment plans. Do you need professional support in choosing and registering a&nbsp;company? Contact us at Progress Holding at <strong>+48 603 232 418<\/strong> or via email <strong>office@progressholding.pl<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<\/article>\n<p><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The Simple Joint-Stock Company (PSA) is a&nbsp;modern legal form created specifically for innovative ventures and startups. Its greatest advantages include a&nbsp;minimal share capital of 1 PLN, flexibility in acquiring investors, and the possibility of contributing work or services to the company as capital. What Exactly is a&nbsp;Simple Joint-Stock Company? A Simple Joint-Stock Company is a&nbsp;hybrid [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":8,"featured_media":5529,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"inline_featured_image":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-5527","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-bez-kategorii"],"acf":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/progressholding.pl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5527","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/progressholding.pl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/progressholding.pl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/progressholding.pl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/8"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/progressholding.pl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=5527"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/progressholding.pl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5527\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5530,"href":"https:\/\/progressholding.pl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5527\/revisions\/5530"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/progressholding.pl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/5529"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/progressholding.pl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5527"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/progressholding.pl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=5527"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/progressholding.pl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=5527"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}