{"id":5557,"date":"2025-11-09T13:54:47","date_gmt":"2025-11-09T12:54:47","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/progressholding.pl\/pl\/?p=5557"},"modified":"2025-11-12T14:05:27","modified_gmt":"2025-11-12T13:05:27","slug":"jak-ksiegowac-pozyczke-od-wspolnika-spolki-z-o-o","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/progressholding.pl\/en\/how-to-account-for-a-loan-from-a-shareholder-of-an-llc-sp-z-o-o\/","title":{"rendered":"How to account for a&nbsp;loan from a&nbsp;shareholder of an LLC (sp. z&nbsp;o.o.)?"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><\/p>\n<article>\n<p>A loan from a&nbsp;shareholder to an LLC is a&nbsp;legal and popular financing method. You usually don&#8217;t pay PCC (tax on civil law transactions), but you must correctly record the liability, interest, and any withholding tax (WHT). Below you&#8217;ll find a&nbsp;ready-made booking schema, a&nbsp;list of documents, and deadlines.<\/p>\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_82_2 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle Table of Content\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/progressholding.pl\/en\/how-to-account-for-a-loan-from-a-shareholder-of-an-llc-sp-z-o-o\/#is-a-loan-from-a-shareholder-in-an-llc-subject-to-pcc\" >Is a&nbsp;loan from a&nbsp;shareholder in an LLC subject to PCC?<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/progressholding.pl\/en\/how-to-account-for-a-loan-from-a-shareholder-of-an-llc-sp-z-o-o\/#legal-basis\" >Legal basis<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/progressholding.pl\/en\/how-to-account-for-a-loan-from-a-shareholder-of-an-llc-sp-z-o-o\/#practice\" >Practice<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/progressholding.pl\/en\/how-to-account-for-a-loan-from-a-shareholder-of-an-llc-sp-z-o-o\/#how-to-record-the-loan-in-the-accounting-books\" >How to record the loan in the accounting books?<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/progressholding.pl\/en\/how-to-account-for-a-loan-from-a-shareholder-of-an-llc-sp-z-o-o\/#example-accounting-entries-polish-chart-of-accounts-%e2%80%93-most-common-variant\" >Example accounting entries (Polish chart of accounts \u2013 most common variant)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/progressholding.pl\/en\/how-to-account-for-a-loan-from-a-shareholder-of-an-llc-sp-z-o-o\/#disclosures-in-the-financial-statements\" >Disclosures in the financial statements<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/progressholding.pl\/en\/how-to-account-for-a-loan-from-a-shareholder-of-an-llc-sp-z-o-o\/#how-to-settle-interest-for-tax-purposes-in-2026\" >How to settle interest for tax purposes in 2026?<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/progressholding.pl\/en\/how-to-account-for-a-loan-from-a-shareholder-of-an-llc-sp-z-o-o\/#legal-basis-2\" >Legal basis<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/progressholding.pl\/en\/how-to-account-for-a-loan-from-a-shareholder-of-an-llc-sp-z-o-o\/#practical-tips\" >Practical tips<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/progressholding.pl\/en\/how-to-account-for-a-loan-from-a-shareholder-of-an-llc-sp-z-o-o\/#is-it-necessary-to-withhold-tax-wht-on-interest\" >Is it necessary to withhold tax (WHT) on interest?<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-11\" href=\"https:\/\/progressholding.pl\/en\/how-to-account-for-a-loan-from-a-shareholder-of-an-llc-sp-z-o-o\/#rates-and-bases\" >Rates and bases<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-12\" href=\"https:\/\/progressholding.pl\/en\/how-to-account-for-a-loan-from-a-shareholder-of-an-llc-sp-z-o-o\/#wht-limits-and-procedures\" >WHT limits and procedures<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-13\" href=\"https:\/\/progressholding.pl\/en\/how-to-account-for-a-loan-from-a-shareholder-of-an-llc-sp-z-o-o\/#deadlines-and-forms-selected\" >Deadlines and forms (selected)<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-14\" href=\"https:\/\/progressholding.pl\/en\/how-to-account-for-a-loan-from-a-shareholder-of-an-llc-sp-z-o-o\/#what-documents-and-consents-are-needed\" >What documents and consents are needed?<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-15\" href=\"https:\/\/progressholding.pl\/en\/how-to-account-for-a-loan-from-a-shareholder-of-an-llc-sp-z-o-o\/#documentation-checklist\" >Documentation checklist<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-16\" href=\"https:\/\/progressholding.pl\/en\/how-to-account-for-a-loan-from-a-shareholder-of-an-llc-sp-z-o-o\/#when-does-the-transfer-pricing-documentation-duty-arise\" >When does the transfer pricing documentation duty arise?<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-17\" href=\"https:\/\/progressholding.pl\/en\/how-to-account-for-a-loan-from-a-shareholder-of-an-llc-sp-z-o-o\/#basis-and-explanations\" >Basis and explanations<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-18\" href=\"https:\/\/progressholding.pl\/en\/how-to-account-for-a-loan-from-a-shareholder-of-an-llc-sp-z-o-o\/#how-to-present-the-loan-in-the-financial-statements\" >How to present the loan in the financial statements?<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-19\" href=\"https:\/\/progressholding.pl\/en\/how-to-account-for-a-loan-from-a-shareholder-of-an-llc-sp-z-o-o\/#source\" >Source<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-20\" href=\"https:\/\/progressholding.pl\/en\/how-to-account-for-a-loan-from-a-shareholder-of-an-llc-sp-z-o-o\/#what-does-it-look-like-in-practice-progress-holdings-experience\" >What does it look like in practice? Progress Holding&#8217;s experience<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-21\" href=\"https:\/\/progressholding.pl\/en\/how-to-account-for-a-loan-from-a-shareholder-of-an-llc-sp-z-o-o\/#our-data-most-common-errors\" >Our data: most common errors<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-22\" href=\"https:\/\/progressholding.pl\/en\/how-to-account-for-a-loan-from-a-shareholder-of-an-llc-sp-z-o-o\/#frequently-asked-questions\" >Frequently asked questions<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-23\" href=\"https:\/\/progressholding.pl\/en\/how-to-account-for-a-loan-from-a-shareholder-of-an-llc-sp-z-o-o\/#do-i-need-to-issue-an-invoice-for-loan-interest\" >Do I need to issue an invoice for loan interest?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-24\" href=\"https:\/\/progressholding.pl\/en\/how-to-account-for-a-loan-from-a-shareholder-of-an-llc-sp-z-o-o\/#can-a-shareholder-loan-be-interest-free\" >Can a&nbsp;shareholder loan be interest-free?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-25\" href=\"https:\/\/progressholding.pl\/en\/how-to-account-for-a-loan-from-a-shareholder-of-an-llc-sp-z-o-o\/#does-ksef-e-invoicing-apply-to-loans\" >Does KSeF (e-invoicing) apply to loans?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-26\" href=\"https:\/\/progressholding.pl\/en\/how-to-account-for-a-loan-from-a-shareholder-of-an-llc-sp-z-o-o\/#when-do-i-pay-the-tax-on-interest-for-individuals\" >When do I pay the tax on interest for individuals?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-27\" href=\"https:\/\/progressholding.pl\/en\/how-to-account-for-a-loan-from-a-shareholder-of-an-llc-sp-z-o-o\/#what-are-the-ift-deadlines\" >What are the IFT deadlines?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-28\" href=\"https:\/\/progressholding.pl\/en\/how-to-account-for-a-loan-from-a-shareholder-of-an-llc-sp-z-o-o\/#how-to-confirm-the-arms-length-nature-of-the-interest\" >How to confirm the arm&#8217;s length nature of the interest?<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"is-a-loan-from-a-shareholder-in-an-llc-subject-to-pcc\"><\/span>Is a&nbsp;loan from a&nbsp;shareholder in an LLC subject to PCC?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>No. A loan granted to a&nbsp;capital company by its shareholder is exempt from PCC (art. 9(10)(i) of the PCC Act).<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"legal-basis\"><\/span>Legal basis<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>Act on PCC \u2013 art. 1(3) (definitions of company agreement changes) and art. 9(10)(i) \u2013 <a href=\"https:\/\/isap.sejm.gov.pl\/isap.nsf\/download.xsp\/WDU20000860959\/U\/D20000959Lj.pdf\" rel=\"nofollow\">isap.sejm.gov.pl<\/a>, see specifically: art. 1(3) and art. 9(10)(i).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"practice\"><\/span>Practice<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>No PCC means no PCC-3 declaration and no 0.5% payment.<\/li>\n<li>PCC may occur with loans to partnerships \u2013 this is a&nbsp;different structure (does not apply to LLCs).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"how-to-record-the-loan-in-the-accounting-books\"><\/span>How to record the loan in the accounting books?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Record the inflow of funds to the account and the liability towards the shareholder. Use &#8220;shareholder&#8221; analytics for the settlement accounts.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"example-accounting-entries-polish-chart-of-accounts-%e2%80%93-most-common-variant\"><\/span>Example accounting entries (Polish chart of accounts \u2013 most common variant)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>Step<\/th>\n<th>Event<\/th>\n<th>Dr (Debit)<\/th>\n<th>Cr (Credit)<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>1<\/td>\n<td>Receipt of loan to bank account<\/td>\n<td>131 &#8220;Bank account&#8221;<\/td>\n<td>240 &#8220;Other settlements&#8221; (analytics: shareholder \u2013 loan)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>2<\/td>\n<td>Accrual of interest (monthly)<\/td>\n<td>751 &#8220;Financial costs&#8221;<\/td>\n<td>240 &#8220;Settlements for interest&#8221;<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>3<\/td>\n<td>Payment of interest to shareholder (gross amount)<\/td>\n<td>240 &#8220;Settlements for interest&#8221;<\/td>\n<td>131 &#8220;Bank account&#8221; (net) + 229\/225 &#8220;Public-law settlements&#8221; (WHT*)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>4<\/td>\n<td>Repayment of loan principal<\/td>\n<td>240 &#8220;Other settlements&#8221;<\/td>\n<td>131 &#8220;Bank account&#8221;<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>* Select the account for WHT according to your adopted chart of accounts (e.g., 229 or 225).<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"disclosures-in-the-financial-statements\"><\/span>Disclosures in the financial statements<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>In the note on transactions with related parties, show the loan terms, balance, and interest (Accounting Act, e.g., art. 48) \u2013 <a href=\"https:\/\/isap.sejm.gov.pl\/isap.nsf\/download.xsp\/WDU19941210591\/U\/D19940591Lj.pdf\" rel=\"nofollow\">isap.sejm.gov.pl<\/a>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"how-to-settle-interest-for-tax-purposes-in-2026\"><\/span>How to settle interest for tax purposes in 2026?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Interest is a&nbsp;tax cost, but it is limited by art. 15c of the CIT Act (30% of EBITDA or the 3m PLN safe limit \u2013 you apply the more favorable one).<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"legal-basis-2\"><\/span>Legal basis<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>CIT Act \u2013 art. 15c (debt financing costs) \u2013 <a href=\"https:\/\/isap.sejm.gov.pl\/isap.nsf\/download.xsp\/WDU19920210086\/U\/D19920086Lj.pdf\" rel=\"nofollow\">isap.sejm.gov.pl<\/a>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"practical-tips\"><\/span>Practical tips<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>Accrue interest on an accrual basis. Interest up to the acceptance of a&nbsp;fixed asset increases the cost of its production; after acceptance \u2013 it&#8217;s a&nbsp;financial cost (Accounting Act) \u2013 <a href=\"https:\/\/isap.sejm.gov.pl\/isap.nsf\/download.xsp\/WDU19941210591\/U\/D19940591Lj.pdf\" rel=\"nofollow\">isap.sejm.gov.pl<\/a>.<\/li>\n<li>Establish a&nbsp;schedule and a&nbsp;market-rate margin to avoid violating transfer pricing regulations.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"is-it-necessary-to-withhold-tax-wht-on-interest\"><\/span>Is it necessary to withhold tax (WHT) on interest?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Yes, if you pay interest to a&nbsp;non-resident or an individual. The rate and procedure depend on the recipient&#8217;s status and the double taxation treaty (DTT).<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"rates-and-bases\"><\/span>Rates and bases<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Non-resident \u2013 legal entity<\/strong>: as a&nbsp;rule, 20% (art. 21(1)(1) CIT). Reduction\/exemption possible under DTT upon meeting conditions (beneficial owner, certificate of residency) \u2013 <a href=\"https:\/\/isap.sejm.gov.pl\/isap.nsf\/download.xsp\/WDU19920210086\/U\/D19920086Lj.pdf\" rel=\"nofollow\">isap.sejm.gov.pl<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.podatki.gov.pl\/wht\/pobor-i-zwrot-podatku-u-zrodla\/\" rel=\"nofollow\">podatki.gov.pl<\/a>.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Individual (resident\/non-resident)<\/strong>: 19% flat-rate PIT on interest (art. 30a of the PIT Act) \u2013 <a href=\"https:\/\/isap.sejm.gov.pl\/isap.nsf\/download.xsp\/WDU19910800350\/U\/D19910350Lj.pdf\" rel=\"nofollow\">isap.sejm.gov.pl<\/a>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"wht-limits-and-procedures\"><\/span>WHT limits and procedures<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>&#8220;Pay &#038; refund&#8221; mechanism above 2m PLN per year to one recipient for interest\/royalties\/dividends (CIT art. 26) \u2013 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.podatki.gov.pl\/wht\/pobor-i-zwrot-podatku-u-zrodla\/\" rel=\"nofollow\">podatki.gov.pl<\/a> (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.podatki.gov.pl\/wht\/pobor-i-zwrot-podatku-u-zrodla\/?altTemplate=ArticlePdf&#038;download=True\" rel=\"nofollow\">PDF<\/a>).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"deadlines-and-forms-selected\"><\/span>Deadlines and forms (selected)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>WHT CIT \u2013 payment<\/strong>: by the 7th day of the month after withholding (CIT art. 26(3)) \u2013 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.lubelskie.kas.gov.pl\/pl\/cit-podatek-u-zrodla-wht\/-\/asset_publisher\/9EEk\/content\/deklaracje-informacje-wplaty-czynne-zale\" rel=\"nofollow\">KAS<\/a>.<\/li>\n<li><strong>CIT-10Z<\/strong>: by the end of the first month after the tax year (art. 26a CIT) \u2013 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.gov.pl\/web\/finanse\/cit-10z\" rel=\"nofollow\">gov.pl<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.podatki.gov.pl\/media\/10481\/cit-10z-6-v1.pdf\" rel=\"nofollow\">form PDF<\/a>.<\/li>\n<li><strong>IFT-2R<\/strong> (for legal entities \u2013 non-residents): as a&nbsp;rule, by March 31 \u2013 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.podatki.gov.pl\/cit\/e-deklaracje-cit\/formularze-cit\/\" rel=\"nofollow\">podatki.gov.pl<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.podatki.gov.pl\/cit\/wyjasnienia\/informacje-ift-2r-sklada-sie-do-31-marca\/\" rel=\"nofollow\">explanations<\/a>.<\/li>\n<li><strong>PIT-8AR<\/strong> (19% tax on interest for individuals): annual declaration by the end of January; tax <strong>payment<\/strong> monthly by the 20th day \u2013 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.podatki.gov.pl\/pit\/e-deklaracje-pit\/dla-platnikow\/\" rel=\"nofollow\">podatki.gov.pl<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.mazowieckie.kas.gov.pl\/documents\/3554560\/5272710\/24.pdf\" rel=\"nofollow\">KAS \u2013 deadlines<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.podatki.gov.pl\/media\/6407\/pit-8ar_09-14.pdf\" rel=\"nofollow\">PDF<\/a>.<\/li>\n<li><strong>IFT-1\/IFT-1R<\/strong> (for individuals \u2013 non-residents): as a&nbsp;rule, by the end of February \u2013 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.gov.pl\/web\/finanse\/ift-1ift-1r\" rel=\"nofollow\">gov.pl<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.podatki.gov.pl\/media\/5620\/ift-1-15_2019.pdf\" rel=\"nofollow\">PDF<\/a>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"what-documents-and-consents-are-needed\"><\/span>What documents and consents are needed?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Prepare the loan agreement, corporate resolutions, TP materials, and WHT documents. Ensure proper representation of the company.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"documentation-checklist\"><\/span>Documentation checklist<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>Loan agreement (amount, period, interest rate, schedule, collateral).<\/li>\n<li>Shareholders&#8217; resolution if the counterparty is a&nbsp;management board member (art. 15 \u00a71 KSH) and a&nbsp;representative for the agreement with a&nbsp;board member (art. 210 \u00a71 KSH) \u2013 <a href=\"https:\/\/isap.sejm.gov.pl\/isap.nsf\/download.xsp\/WDU20000941037\/U\/D20001037Lj.pdf\" rel=\"nofollow\">isap.sejm.gov.pl<\/a>.<\/li>\n<li>Certificate of residency + beneficial owner statements for DTT preferences \u2013 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.podatki.gov.pl\/wht\/pobor-i-zwrot-podatku-u-zrodla\/\" rel=\"nofollow\">podatki.gov.pl<\/a>.<\/li>\n<li>Arm&#8217;s length\/TP analysis or &#8220;safe harbour&#8221; if you meet the conditions \u2013 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.podatki.gov.pl\/ceny-transferowe\/wyjasnienia\/safe-harbour-dla-pozyczek-metodyka-kalkulacji-przy-ujemnej-stopie-referencyjnej\/\" rel=\"nofollow\">podatki.gov.pl<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.podatki.gov.pl\/media\/10490\/uzasadnienie-obwieszczenia-safe-harbour-2025.pdf\" rel=\"nofollow\">announcement 2025<\/a>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"when-does-the-transfer-pricing-documentation-duty-arise\"><\/span>When does the transfer pricing documentation duty arise?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>When the value of the loan principal in a&nbsp;year exceeds 10m PLN with a&nbsp;related party. Then you prepare local documentation and file the TPR.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"basis-and-explanations\"><\/span>Basis and explanations<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>10m PLN threshold for financial transactions (CIT\/PIT \u2013 TP) \u2013 confirmed by MF TPR explanations (Vol. V, 09.2024) \u2013 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.podatki.gov.pl\/media\/10087\/informator-tpr-2023_pdf.pdf\" rel=\"nofollow\">podatki.gov.pl (PDF)<\/a>.<\/li>\n<li>&#8220;Safe harbour&#8221; for loans (simplifies TP and TPR if conditions are met; margin published in MF announcement) \u2013 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.podatki.gov.pl\/ceny-transferowe\/wyjasnienia\/safe-harbour-dla-pozyczek-metodyka-kalkulacji-przy-ujemnej-stopie-referencyjnej\/\" rel=\"nofollow\">podatki.gov.pl<\/a>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"how-to-present-the-loan-in-the-financial-statements\"><\/span>How to present the loan in the financial statements?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Show the long-term\/short-term liability on the balance sheet. In the notes, disclose the terms, balances, and interest towards related parties.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"source\"><\/span>Source<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>Accounting Act (e.g., art. 48 \u2013 notes to the accounts) \u2013 <a href=\"https:\/\/isap.sejm.gov.pl\/isap.nsf\/download.xsp\/WDU19941210591\/U\/D19940591Lj.pdf\" rel=\"nofollow\">isap.sejm.gov.pl<\/a>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"what-does-it-look-like-in-practice-progress-holdings-experience\"><\/span>What does it look like in practice? Progress Holding&#8217;s experience<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Based on servicing over 300 companies annually, we see that 4 out of 10 clients finance themselves with shareholder loans. Most errors occur with WHT and TP.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"our-data-most-common-errors\"><\/span>Our data: most common errors<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<ol>\n<li>Lack of a&nbsp;representative under art. 210 KSH for an agreement with a&nbsp;board member.<\/li>\n<li>Failure to withhold WHT or incorrect deadlines (7th day \u2013 CIT, 20th day \u2013 PIT).<\/li>\n<li>Lack of certificate of residency\/beneficial owner statement when applying a&nbsp;DTT rate.<\/li>\n<li>Margin without market justification, failure to verify the art. 15c CIT limit.<\/li>\n<li>Underestimated transaction value for the 10m PLN threshold (TPR annually until repayment).<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>At Progress Holding, we prepare agreements, resolutions, TP analyses, and manage the books. We establish correct accounting schemas and WHT\/PIT forms.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"frequently-asked-questions\"><\/span>Frequently asked questions<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"do-i-need-to-issue-an-invoice-for-loan-interest\"><\/span>Do I need to issue an invoice for loan interest?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>No. Interest does not require an invoice. A bank statement and interest notes\/calculations are sufficient. For WHT, the payment date and residency documents matter \u2013 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.podatki.gov.pl\/wht\/pobor-i-zwrot-podatku-u-zrodla\/\" rel=\"nofollow\">podatki.gov.pl<\/a>.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"can-a-shareholder-loan-be-interest-free\"><\/span>Can a&nbsp;shareholder loan be interest-free?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>It can, but it risks TP issues and potential disputes over non-gratuitous benefits. It&#8217;s safer to set market-rate interest or apply the &#8220;safe harbour&#8221; \u2013 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.podatki.gov.pl\/ceny-transferowe\/wyjasnienia\/safe-harbour-dla-pozyczek-metodyka-kalkulacji-przy-ujemnej-stopie-referencyjnej\/\" rel=\"nofollow\">podatki.gov.pl<\/a>.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"does-ksef-e-invoicing-apply-to-loans\"><\/span>Does KSeF (e-invoicing) apply to loans?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>No. A loan agreement and interest are not invoices. KSeF does not apply here.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"when-do-i-pay-the-tax-on-interest-for-individuals\"><\/span>When do I pay the tax on interest for individuals?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>As a&nbsp;PIT payer, you pay the tax by the 20th day of the following month and report it on PIT-8AR by the end of January \u2013 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.mazowieckie.kas.gov.pl\/documents\/3554560\/5272710\/24.pdf\" rel=\"nofollow\">KAS<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.podatki.gov.pl\/pit\/e-deklaracje-pit\/dla-platnikow\/\" rel=\"nofollow\">podatki.gov.pl<\/a>.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"what-are-the-ift-deadlines\"><\/span>What are the IFT deadlines?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>IFT-1\/IFT-1R (individuals \u2013 non-residents) by the end of February; IFT-2R (legal entities \u2013 non-residents) usually by March 31 \u2013 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.gov.pl\/web\/finanse\/ift-1ift-1r\" rel=\"nofollow\">gov.pl<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.podatki.gov.pl\/cit\/e-deklaracje-cit\/formularze-cit\/\" rel=\"nofollow\">podatki.gov.pl<\/a>.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"how-to-confirm-the-arms-length-nature-of-the-interest\"><\/span>How to confirm the arm&#8217;s length nature of the interest?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Choose &#8220;safe harbour&#8221; (by meeting conditions) or prepare a&nbsp;benchmark analysis. The MF announces the margins in official announcements \u2013 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.podatki.gov.pl\/media\/10490\/uzasadnienie-obwieszczenia-safe-harbour-2025.pdf\" rel=\"nofollow\">podatki.gov.pl<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Conclusion and tip:<\/strong> Ensure you have an agreement, representation under art. 210 KSH, market-rate interest, and proper PIT\/CIT\/WHT settlement. This minimizes risk and simplifies accounting. Need support? Contact Progress Holding: +48 603 232 418 or <a href=\"mailto:office@progressholding.pl\">office@progressholding.pl<\/a>. We will prepare the agreement, resolutions, accounting entries, and WHT\/TPR settlements.<\/p>\n<\/article>\n<p><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>A loan from a&nbsp;shareholder to an LLC is a&nbsp;legal and popular financing method. You usually don&#8217;t pay PCC (tax on civil law transactions), but you must correctly record the liability, interest, and any withholding tax (WHT). Below you&#8217;ll find a&nbsp;ready-made booking schema, a&nbsp;list of documents, and deadlines. Is a&nbsp;loan from a&nbsp;shareholder in an LLC subject [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":8,"featured_media":5558,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"inline_featured_image":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-5557","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-bez-kategorii"],"acf":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/progressholding.pl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5557","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/progressholding.pl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/progressholding.pl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/progressholding.pl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/8"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/progressholding.pl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=5557"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/progressholding.pl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5557\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5559,"href":"https:\/\/progressholding.pl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5557\/revisions\/5559"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/progressholding.pl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/5558"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/progressholding.pl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5557"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/progressholding.pl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=5557"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/progressholding.pl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=5557"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}